Rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEV) is a vital preventive measure for individuals at higher risk of encountering rabies. In the Philippines, where rabies is a significant public health concern, certain groups, such as animal handlers and travelers to high-risk areas, are advised to receive the vaccine before potential exposure. PrEV involves receiving a series of rabies vaccine doses to offer protection if exposed to the virus later.
Who Needs Rabies Pre-exposure Prophylaxis?
Several groups are considered at higher risk for rabies exposure, making PrEV especially important for them:
- Veterinarians, veterinary students, and animal handlers: These individuals frequently interact with animals that may carry the rabies virus.
- Healthcare workers are treating rabies cases.
- Travelers to high-risk regions where rabies is common and healthcare may be limited.
- Children aged 2-10 years: In the Philippines, children in this age group are at higher risk due to the severity of animal bites.
How Does Rabies Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Work?
The standard PrEV schedule generally involves 2 doses of the vaccine on Day 0 and Day 7. However, certain vaccine brands, such as Speeda and Abhayrab, require a 3-dose regimen for full protection, administered as follows:
- Day 0: First dose
- Day 7: Second dose
- Day 21 or 28: Third dose
The vaccine can be administered intradermally (ID) at 0.1 mL or intramuscularly (IM) at 0.5 mL per dose for PVRV and 1.0 mL for PCECV, based on the Department of Health (DOH) guidelines in the Philippines.
Risk Categories and Recommendations
The DOH classifies individuals into different risk groups based on their likelihood of exposure to rabies:
- High-Risk Individuals: These include veterinarians, healthcare workers, animal handlers, and field workers. A 3-dose regimen (Days 0, 7, and 21/28) is recommended for these groups, with booster doses advised after one year and every five years if no titer checks are performed.
- Low-Risk Individuals: This group includes the general population, which faces minimal risk of rabies exposure. No routine booster is required for these individuals after the primary immunization.
Benefits of Rabies Pre-exposure Prophylaxis
Pre-exposure prophylaxis offers several advantages for those in high-risk categories:
- No need for rabies immunoglobulin (RIG): Individuals who receive PrEV do not require RIG in case of exposure.
- Simplified post-exposure treatment (PET): Post-exposure treatment for individuals who have received PrEV requires only two doses of the vaccine, compared to five doses for those without prior vaccination.
- Protection against delayed treatment: PrEV offers added protection in case of delayed access to post-exposure care.
- Cost savings: Receiving PrEV reduces the cost of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) by eliminating the need for RIG and reducing the number of vaccine doses required.
For More Information
For detailed guidelines on rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis, including the vaccination schedules and target populations, you can refer to DOH Administrative Order No. 2018-0013 titled Revised Guidelines on the Management of Rabies Exposures. This document provides comprehensive information on the rabies vaccination schedules and risk categories in the Philippines.
At SureVax Animal Bite Centers, we offer pre-exposure and post-exposure rabies vaccinations, ensuring you get the protection you need. If you’re in a high-risk group or are planning to travel to rabies-endemic areas, visit our centers to receive the appropriate vaccine regimen.
For additional details, you may also refer to the CDC’s pre-exposure prophylaxis guidelines.
Anti-Rabies Vaccine (Pre-Exposure)
